How to Test a Technical Indicator Before Trusting It: 90 Rule Variants Against a Naive Benchmark
On the S&P 500 from 1954 to 2026, with costs and next-day execution, none of four common indicator rules or 90 variants of them beat buy-and-hold on return after 1992. MACD and TRIX lost to a same-exposure stock-and-bill mix in both periods; the 200-day average kept a better Sharpe ratio, not a return edge.















